Saturday, November 29, 2008

Perimenopause Veins In Breasts

The network marketing of the string (where the product comes the word "piteado)




The marketing network of the string begins with producers states of Oaxaca, Chiapas and Veracruz who sell their raw product (fiber manually extracted from the leaves and just washed) to regional traders in charge of processing, often with piecework for local assemblers perform some or all of the benefit.

These traders are responsible for distributing the processed fiber workshops piteado located in the states of central and northern Mexico, including Oaxaca, Jalisco, Zacatecas, Veracruz, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Durango, Michoacan, Chihuahua. Guerrero and Chiapas, the workshops usually use the fiber for its production of embroidered handicrafts, but some retail redistribute family workshops are unable to negotiate with traders. Other consumers are pita in prisons, where the work of piteado is a common economic activity for prisoners families introduce the fiber after it bought from traders. In mid 2002 an initiative was extended to the project of creating a collective mark and establishing a regulatory board piteado artisans. (Very classic style "Prista mexinaco" to politicize this art to more people without any functionality within the cabinet or commission)


leather items embroidered with pita are for people who like to dress up cowboy style, officials, artists and people who know the proper clothing (see Figure 1). This network

enters a large number of actors, each with their function, their specialty and their strategies to compete in the market (see table 1).

Figure 1. Network Marketing in Mexico pita

1 Cultivation of the 2nd
Pita Local Farmers (processing) Veracruz sold
National gatherer 2b (hire their people locally)
2c UPIS-L 'Cooperative Union of Indigenous Peoples of the mountains of wool "
3c Union of Artisans' Craft Control Board Piteada"
3d Artisan Workshops 3b
Jalisco prisoners (Social Rehabilitation Centres)
the 3rd Workshop Artisans Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Durango, Jalisco, Guerrero, San Luis Potosi, Michoacan, Chihuahua
4 Shop Jeans products (on the border of Mexico and USA) 5 Consumer
Mexico USA

Table 1. Features, functions and strategies of the actors involved in network marketing capita in Mexico. Indigenous Producers

and mestizos living in social exclusion in
states in southeastern Mexico. It is estimated that there are approximately 2,000 producers of agave in Mexico, who extract the fiber from plants grown or that exploit in the wild. Washed once fiber and sold in your area. When plants grow wild patches or care, sell the raw pita between $ 30 and 35/kg. It is also the case of people selling the leaves. Agree a price with the buyer, who hires workers to cut and shred the leaves of a blur. The low availability of plant material and forest areas are major barriers to establishing a culture of pita and exploit wild populations, respectively. Traders looking to establish their shopping network in places of high concentration of experienced producers to obtain good fiber quality.

Collection and Processing

LOCAL actors are close to those producers who live in similar conditions.
Must be less than 100 people across the country who perform these activities.
are generally recruited informally by a higher economic level merchant to collect the product in the region, and sometimes processing. These people manage resources provided by the merchant. When working pita piece can charge up to $ 15 for washing, bleaching and styling one kilogram of fiber.
There are also families who work on their own, as in San Lorenzo Lalana in Chinantla. Pita processed and sold directly with artisans of Emilio Carranza, Veracruz. The most successful are those who have gained access to the market. This is the case of some indigenous Chinanteco located near a craft production center piteada (Emilio Carranza). Not everyone can master the techniques benefited from the string. Traders looking for reliable people to entrust their working capital. TRADE

intermediaries are people that allow flow capital and financing for those processors have economic resources and generally live in the state capitals (Guadalajara, Mexico, Jalapa, Oaxaca and Colotlán), closer to the artisans of the producers. There are between 10 and 125 merchants of raw pita obtained in the south of the country to be distributed as a finished product in various cities of northern and central Mexico. These people have a significant equity to buy significant volumes to get into the business of the pita, but knowledge of the milling process and the construction of a network of loyal customers are other skills that must be the merchant.

Given this kind in the country and everyone involved for obtaining pita fiber results in an expensive product. These traders often change their product pita pita reselling items at the border or in the United States. Managed fiber prices washed, bleached and combed between 60 and 80 U.S. $ / kg, according to the value at which acquired the fiber without benefit. Therefore, the indigenous Zapotec traditions merchants in the state of Oaxaca, were the initiators of this business.

ORGANIZATION the UPIS-L (see Annex 18 )
The cooperative collects the string of partners UPIS-L The process has chosen locations in 2 municipalities PRODUCERS independent producers and sometimes fiber through the work of Acopia, Chinantla (San Juan Lalana and San Lalana the region. Several families of experienced people PROCESSING AND Juan del Rio). Members of the organization is that process in the region and then educate others about 1.200 MARKETING partners, of which 550 are pita producers.
The UPIS-L is currently the only social organization in the country that sells pita processed directly with artisans. fiber, which sells Piteado Regulatory Council, an association of craftsmen Colotlán, Jalisco. Which gives a complete different from the traditional to resell such fiber between the harness. It is working with FONAES credits, 6 a public institution, and get advice from Methodus. Thus the products of this region is incremenan in price and do not have much room for competition, with finished products in other parts of the republic. Some time ago
Methodus, lidereo an initiative supported by the CONABIO7
to create a collective mark pita in partnership with other organizations of producers
Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas. to offer a fiber market benefit of excellent quality. Your sales force is in the alliance with the Regulatory Council of Colotlán Piteado, which guaranteed a monthly purchase volume of more 70% of its production capacity. But just stay in the initiative because assessments of cash flow and capitalization for any evaluation of project to develop products with the fiber and skin has been severely affected by apocryphal products and "Pirates " Acts mechanically and have spread in Guadalajara .
Most piteado workshops are located in northern and central Mexico: Durango Guadalajara, Jalisco, Zacatecas Jerez, Emilio Carranza and Vega de Alatorre Veracruz and Mexico City and Morelia, Altamirano Guerrero Michoacan. They can be family workshops or hire more people. Children do work fine on request; produce higher quantities of more comrciales the former are those who buy the pita bleached and combed. In general, they braid the yarn by hand to develop any pita. Sometimes get the string to change the products they produce. Sell \u200b\u200btheir crafts in the workshop, traders supplies the pita them and create a craft workshop piteada required to have had several years of experience in manufacturing these products. Currently, workshops manage to stay on the market are those with a high production capacity, which can have stores in different states and even in

6 National Fund for Social Enterprises. 7 Commission
For the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity.


more commercial items may exceed the 500 tapes per month. The most important employ workshops embroiderers who work at home. There will
piteado about 500 shops in the country. specialist shops.
A belt, with no more than 150 g of pita but it requires more than 15 working days, can cost U.S. $ 300 . Commercial belts are priced below $ 100, the cheapest cost $ 50. United States, and those whose art is recognized nationally. Being in a city where high concentration of workshops, as Colotlán, Jerez or Emilio Carranza, seems to be also an advantage. WORKSHOPS

PITA RETAILERS

family workshops can be larger. These workshops are dedicated to resell the pita
addition to obtaining its production of pita. Resell the pita in small quantities at prices ranging from 80 to 1.00 U.S. $ / kg. May engage in this activity
because they had the opportunity to interact with providers that will ensure pita fiber quality, the necessary volumes and a price that enables them to earn a profit on resale.

PITEADO WORKSHOPS AND GROUPS
Arising in logically in the self-styled "capital of PITEADO" in Colotlán there are two groups:
1)-The Regulatory Council of Handicrafts Piteada, a civil association that brings together artisans from 10 municipalities in northern Jalisco.
2)-SITEAL, an integrative enterprise which brings together several small workshops Colotlán strengthening the sector through the negotiation of funding with the government, the development of new products are embroidered with pita, the joint promotion of the handicrafts made in various workshops and consolidated acquisition of raw materials and supplies: pita, leather, metal parts ... consider these brave artisans who seek to cope with large workshops now occupy a significant portion of the market for commercial pita articles. Their strategy is to form partnerships with experienced craftsmen in the production of these items but lack of capital and production capacity to more appropriately placed on the market. Adapting a bit traditional artisan mentality resist change for nearly a century and the innovative use of materials according to the times we live in this region might help, and help restore its peak ... ..... How?
FAMILY
In prisons established throughout the country piteado is a common economic activity for prisoners. In some rehabilitation centers there is a higher concentration of artisans than others. Prisoners work on their own or for a dealer who sells and buys pita production. Some prisoners work with their families, who supplies the pita them and sell embroidered items. In prison he has formed a number of artisans piteado important. SHOPPING
Where
This craft are usually distributed points of sale or distribution of items piteada charrería throughout Mexico. piteado shops have in stock items and clothes pita for people working with livestock. There are also shops selling luxury leather goods pita. Stores with more abundant supply and variety found in the northern states, but exist throughout the country, particularly where large livestock, such as Veracruz, Jalisco and Tabasco.

FINAL CONSUMER

In Mexico many people use piteado belt, an outfit that is deeply rooted in rural areas, especially where livestock is more important.
In the United States the main buyers are from Mexico or of Mexican origin , but there are also Americans. Are the final buyers of handicrafts piteada.

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Background Introduction

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The pita, also known as ixtle , is a spiny terrestrial bromeliad leaf that is
wild in high forest areas, particularly in moist places near streams, rivers or flooded areas, and between 100 and 700 m (De los Santos, 1996). By the way similar to an agave, also called maguey agave in Mexico. Although the species is commonly reported magdalenae Aechmea is likely that other employees for the same use.

pita fiber is from many points of view exceptional. Its size, brightness, fineness and strength make it a material comparable to silk but more force. Because of these characteristics Indians used it to manufacture gear, tying arrowheads and develop footwear and ceremonial objects. In the water does not shrink or lose strength. Indigo dyed weaving fishing nets allowed invisible, tough and durable.

Studies have shown that pita fiber has a strength 40% higher than typical of most used natural fibers (De la Cerda, 1967). Another interesting property is the color white appears in the wild (Sanjuán et al, 2000). Finally, among the natural fibers, the pita is also characterized by their size, by age of the plant extract which can measure from 1.7 to 2.5 m.

Currently, over 2000 Indian and mestizo peasants in the states of Oaxaca, Chiapas and Veracruz pita fiber being extracted to supply the piteado cottage industry in central and northern Mexico.

The saddlers specialized in the manufacture of handicrafts piteada currently use the fiber to produce twisted yarns that used in the embroidery of leather goods like belts, boots, saddles and others that are sold to an audience that likes to dress as cowboy. These products are marketed throughout the country and in the United States, but the higher sales volume were recorded in northern Mexico stores specializing in leather goods.

The price of the crafts of this type is high: a belt quality has a value exceeding 100 $ 4 a saddle very fine work can cost 50 times more . There is also a growing market for cheaper products, which consist primarily of items under $ 50 singles like belts, wallets, headbands ...

These crafts are made in small factories and family workshops located in the center and north. Smaller facilities produce a few pieces per month and more than 500.
piteado The technique begins with the development of the wire, twisting the fiber by hand on the knee leather cover. Then the artisans open the piece of leather to mark the picture that will adorn, embroider with thread of string, lower the leather with a metal tip and end sewing machine a second piece of leather that covers the back of the leg and if it is a belt buckle adding.

fiber to work with artisans looking to get more twisted wire long and tough as possible, which allows them to more easily embroider leather pieces. Moreover, artisans prefer to have for his work with a fiber white and uniform.

The main defects that recognize the saddlers about the pita are
The lack of resistance (pita raves).

At the time of the update of this report 1 U.S. $ was equal to 12 Mexican pesos

The lack of uniformity in the thickness of the fiber: pita bighead, when the base of fiber bundle is much thicker than the tip. The lack of hair, when the fiber is tangled and not allow the quick extraction of the strands that twist. The lack of whiteness, when the string is color is yellow or pearl or bone.

order to supply the product, craftsmen saddlers
relate to merchants specializing in distribution, who are responsible for purchasing raw material to producers
of southeastern Mexico and Guatemala times. In general, the same traders process the fiber-washed, bleached and combed, or send it.

The sale of the product and is directly benefited from the workshops of craftsmen saddlers, who carefully examined the fiber bundles before buying. According to the production capacity of the workshop, the transaction varies from a few to 50 kg.

Price pita fiber is much higher than any other fiber, including silk. The artisans who pay bundles of fiber posts in the workshop from 50 to 80 U.S. $ / kg depending on quality. Workshops and dealers retail redistribute pita can sell up to 100 U.S. $ / kg.

Another way to provide pita fiber is twisted, which is sold by dozens of threads. There are threads of two qualities: a tip, when you twist one end of the fiber is cut and then twisted the other, and two points, when the entire fiber is twisted. In the first case dozen sells for U.S. $ 1.00 and up to 24 seconds. The yarns are purchased by semi workshops that produce more commercial items and on a larger scale. Pita fiber is a product that has no major problems of scarcity and can be obtained throughout the year from plantations and wildlife populations in southeast Turkey. However, due to the cycle of activities that its producers, also dedicated crops such as coffee, maize, beans and chile, and seasonal demand increases, supply becomes inadequate at certain times of year. About 10 years ago when the market was monopolized by a few traders, there were periods of increased scarcity and speculation phenomena.

Until recently, there was a brand of pita in the market. With the initiative of the Producers Cooperative the UPIS-L in the Methodus Consulting Chinantla and began marketing the fiber under the brand of Pita Jungle. (5) But in our particular point of view the registration of a mark before the IMPI (Mexican Institute of Industrial Intellectual protection) does not guarantee increased sales or assure the permanence and continuity of purchase by customers and faithfully conformed to feel politicized a job and they transtoca provider continuity attitude purchase.
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Piteado resurgence of the analysis of the phenomenon" Piteado "




This report provides preliminary information on the domestic market fiber pita (Aechmea magdalenae), a forest product (NTFPs) extracted from a terrestrial bromeliad habitat which correspond to the evergreen high forests of southeastern Mexico. Its distribution also includes Central American countries and Venezuela, Colombia and Brazil in northern South America.

for its strength and size, pita fiber was once used by indigenous
Chinanteco and Maya for making fishing nets, ropes (ropes) and some ceremonial objects. In the colonial period was used to make gears in boats, and in the late nineteenth century began to be used by craftsmen saddlers state of Jalisco, embroidery using a technique similar to that practiced by the Arabs with silver thread, for garnish leather goods since then are hallmarks of the regalia used in the arts of
charrería.1
The current form of use of fiber is the result of the creativity of the craftsmen saddlers Mexicans. Elsewhere in America, where it is also not used for commercial purposes, despite that was probably known by indigenous peoples.


In the early 1990's, the management of the pita plant in wild patches and plantations in some regions of the humid tropics of Mexico was seen as part of a strategy to promote forms of community-based integrated management natural resources, seeking to combine efforts for the conservation and sustainable use of forest areas.

Thus, in the year 1997 Methodus Consulting joins a series of works about the use of pita
in Oaxaca, at various times involved in other professional groups research centers, social agencies like the Union of Indigenous Peoples Sierra de Lalana (UPIS-L), suburbs, San Rafael Water Pescadito, in the town of Valle Nacional, and government agencies like the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) to the Regional Sustainable Development Programme (PRODERS).

In this context, Methodus has prompted several lines of research, experimentation and evaluation related to participatory forms of propagation of the pita and methods of cultivation and control of diseases in plantations and mining technology with and benefited from fiber. At the same time, has conducted studies for the marketing of the fiber and the search for new uses. Finally, promoting the cultivation of the agave has driven the development of measures to strengthen community and micro-regional capacities to reduce the use of fire through sedentary agriculture and establish rural enterprises.

All this has resulted in the formation of two companies in acquiring and selling pita fiber, two Environmental Management Units (AMU known figure in the Mexican environmental regulations to regulate exploitation of flora and fauna), and more Recently, an alliance for sharing of experiences and marketing fiber between the companies and communities in the Sierra de Santa Marta (in coordination with the PSSM) and Uxpanapa
, Veracruz (mediated by Pronatura, Chapter Veracruz), and the Lacandon jungle Chiapas (in coordination with the Department of Biosphere Reserve Montes Azules and El Colegio de la Frontera Sur).

1 The charro, the Mexican vocabulary is the person dedicated to raising livestock under the national Campirano traditions, skilled in handling loop and dressage horses.
2 area where the plants are extremely tupidas3 pita Program Integrated Management of Natural Resources (PAIR) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
(UNAM), the mesophyll and the Project Group Sierra de Santa Marta (PSSM).

UNEP-WCMC / Methodus SC Consultant (Document rescued FOUNDATION reevaluated and updated by OBREGON
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